Death on the streets: An American tragedy

Thousands of people die homeless every year in the USA

The winter of 2017 Portland, Oregon was hit with an unusually long winter storm. It would be deadly for people experiencing homelessness. Four people would tragically die of exposure. An older woman would walk into a downtown parking garage and die an agonizing death alone in the unforgiving storm. Another victim froze to death at a bus stop, only blocks away from a family member's home. The third and fourth victims died alone in the doorway of a local business and in a densely wooded area of the city. 

If that wasn’t enough, another homeless woman gave birth to a stillborn child in the freezing rain that dreadful week. After giving birth, presumably alone, the woman was found by police completely distraught and cradling her deceased child. She was homeless and experiencing a mental health collapse. It was more than devastating. 

A local reporter was interviewing me about the deaths. 

“Did I know any of the victims that died? Has Portland ever seen anything like this?  What was it really going to take to prevent these kinds of deaths on the streets in our community? Did I have thoughts…” 

My mind went blank. I didn’t have any answers.

“Israel, are you there,” the reporter asked.

“Yes, I’m here.”

“Are you OK?” 

“Can I call you back?”

“Absolutely, but I’m on deadline.” 

It’s hard to describe what homelessness does to the people experiencing it, their family, their friends and the people working on the front lines of poverty. 

The trauma of homelessness is more than overwhelming. Reality is distorted. Logic is rare. Life is primal. There is nothing remotely rational about the circumstances of homelessness in one of the richest countries in the world like the USA. 

Every time I wrote a story about someone who passed away on the streets I would tell myself that the more stories about people’s lives who die on the streets are read the more the public and/or government might want to take action to support housing justice in our community. Most days though, I wasn’t so sure. 

I had spent the better part of that week working on a story, including doing interviews with the family of one of the victims who had frozen to death on the streets. I was hoping to provide a snapshot of the harsh reality the families of people experiencing homelessness face when a loved one on the streets passes away and why we should be prioritizing more affordable housing in our community. Unfortunately, it was a story I had written before. 

At the last minute the family decided they didn’t want the story of their father and husband to be told through the lens of a human being freezing to death homeless on the streets. While I was disappointed with the families decision to not talk to me on the record, I certainly couldn’t blame them. 

If I was honest with myself I’m not sure I would have wanted a reporter presenting the legacy of my father or son through the lens of a man who had frozen to death on the streets either, regardless of how thoughtful the writer might have been. What a painful experience. 

Having worked on the streets for the past two decades, the amount of trauma and death I had witnessed and reported on over the years had shaken me to the core. I had spent many sleepless nights at the bedsides of people on the streets that found themselves on the edge of death. Phemonomia. Heart attacks. Drug overdoses. Burn victims. Attempted deaths by suicide. Sometimes people pulled through, sometimes they didn’t. The experiences almost always left me completely wrecked and lacking any kind of normalcy. My world felt upside down. 

I thought about the first person I had ever written about who died on the streets, a young woman who had taken her own life and her mother who had visited me afterwards. I kept a worn out copy of a poem I wrote about her tucked away in my desk drawer. Sometimes after talking to a family member who had died on the streets, or writing a story about homeless deaths I would read it to myself and think about that girl and all the people who had died during my tenure of working on the front lines. 

“It was yesterday, on a drizzling day

Her mother asked for me

The medical examiners report was true

She had committed death by suicide...

Her mother asks if I knew her well

Her mother asked if I knew the streets. 

Softly, she spoke

Wiping tears from her eyes

I held her trembling hand in mine

Rocking back and forth 

Her mother whimpered, then moaned her name, again and again 

Nadine

Nadine

Nadine

We stood motionless, a traumatic high 

A deep hug and a long goodbye 

I went back to work, twisted

I sat down at my desk to write another column 

Holding my head in my hands 

I lost myself, I cried

On my way home, I see another and another

Doorways littered with those left behind 

I walked down Burnside and ponder why 

I chain smoke cigarettes 

I tell myself I did all I could do today, I tried.

For years my executive editor Joanne Zuhl and I had been writing about the stories of people that had died on the streets. Our collective work contributed to efforts by  local governments in the region to create a methodology and system to track and report the number and causes of homeless deaths in the region. Their stories were almost always heartbreaking.

Holding back tears, Krista Campbell, a mother whose son had passed away on the streets talked to me about her son’s experience. At 42 years old, James Michael Bostick had lived a hard life. Her son had been battling addiction and homelessness for more than 13 years. 

“Some people might see him as just another homeless junkie that died, but he was an incredible man,” said Krista. “He had an incredible heart. He was my precious baby. I suppose in the back of my mind I had been expecting the call for years. I prayed for him every single day. When the call came, nothing I’ve been through in my life prepared me for what had happened. We’ve both lived a hard life. Still, I’ve lost my son. My dear son.” 

James left behind a mother, a brother and three daughters. 

There’s nothing that can prepare someone for that kind of conversation. All you can do is listen and provide support. As I held back tears of my own, not having any real answers, we talked for nearly an hour. I listened to Krista laugh and cry, telling me countless stories about James, sometimes pausing to tell me she couldn’t believe he was gone. She told me about his bright blue eyes and beautiful smile. She told me that he was a kind and comforting man that loved Jesus. 

Like many people, Krista said she didn’t understand the mental health issues her son faced. “Demons grabbed hold of my son years ago, and I felt helpless to help,” Krista would say. “I didn’t know anything about depression. I didn’t know he was bipolar, then eventually paranoid schizophrenic. I found out about other mental disorders James was facing after I Googled all the medication found in his backpack after his death. There were voices in his head that wouldn’t leave him alone. Mental health and addiction took hold of his life and held him until his very last breath. Then, it was God that took him home.”

“The average person doesn’t always know how to deal with addiction and mental disorders,” said Krista. “We feel stricken with fear for our suffering family members. We feel disgust in ourselves for not doing something more to help him.” 

It’s something I would hear over and over from the families of people who have passed away on the streets. Not only are people dealing with the trauma of losing a child; individuals or families are oftentimes grieving alone. The loss of a child or a death in the family is never easy. It can be even harder when the family member is homeless. The feeling of judgment from peers and the stigmas attached to having a family member die on the streets can be isolating and torturous. 

Before we got off the phone that particular day Krista told me that when first responders found James, his body was still warm and they tried to resuscitate him. She wanted me to send a heartfelt thanks to all of the police and firefighters who work to save people’s lives every day. We parted ways with heavy hearts.

Sometimes people would pass away on the streets and there was no next of kin or someone to contact. It’s more than heartbreaking. Other times we found ourselves talking to a family member like Krista that may have been sadly waiting for a call like this for far too long. 

The average age of homeless death in many communities across the country hovers between 40 and 50-years old. One would have to go back decades, possibly centuries, to find another demographic of people that were dying on average that young in America. The leading causes of death for people on the streets are accidental drug overdoses, natural causes and death by suicide. 

“People experiencing homelessness die young, and from often preventable causes,” said Paul Lewis, a former health officer for Multnomah County. “You can’t help but conclude that the lack of housing has contributed to these realities.” 

Research has long shown living on the streets exacerbates existing health problems and causes new ones. Chronic diseases are difficult to manage under stressful circumstances. Acute problems such as infections, injuries, and pneumonia are difficult to heal when there is no place to call home. 

It’s not uncommon in America for many people experiencing homelessness that are dealing with life threatening ailments to be released straight from the emergency room right back to the streets, or into a crowded shelter. 

I remember one night at a hospital pleading with an emergency room doctor to hold someone for the rest of the night, or at the very least, a couple more hours until we could secure a cheap motel for the person to stay at for a few days. It was exhausting for everyone involved. 

“Everyone’s family has a story, and this is part of our story,” Mary, the sister of a man who died on the streets of Portland once told me. “It’s a devastating story. We could have helped him, absolutely. I’m not holding anybody responsible, but as society we let him down. We did everything you could imagine and couldn’t get any help. We tried so hard for years. We have to find a way to ensure that people experiencing mental health and homelessness have access to help they need. I literally tried everything under the sun. We have so many people living on the streets who are sick and simply need housing.” 

Research shows that at least 20 people in America die homeless every single day. The numbers are absolutely staggering. It’s unconscionable.  

Needless to say, I never did get back to that reporter. I’m still not sure what I would have said. After more than 20 years of working on the front lines of homelessness it’s hard to find any kind of logic in a land where housing remains a commodity and human beings on the streets hold no actual value in the eyes of the federal government. A land where thousands of people experiencing homelessness are left to die every year, alone and forgotten. Their stories untold. Ghosts left to haunt our streets with no safe place to call home. A real American tragedy. 

We have such a long way to go.